Yes.

If so, what are they? Are these only notarial acts or also acts of other authorities?

The public document is issued by an official body or a public official according to the legislation. These are notarial acts and acts of other authorities, for example, documents issued by courts, Land Register entries, the prosecution office, ministries, etc.

Under Latvian law, the authentic instrument has enhanced probative value. It stems from the essence and content of the Article 178 of the Civil Procedure Law.
In Latvian Law there is no definition of “authentic instrument”.
Public document is issued by an official body or a public official according to the legislation. Notarial deeds and notarial certifications made by a notary are public documents (except for the documents that certify the authenticity of a signature). In cases when the law provides for notarial certification, public certification or certification in accordance with declaration procedures of expressions of intent, the sworn notary shall make a notarial deed.
In Latvian Law there is no legal definition of a notion of "public document". However, from the Notariate Law, article 81, we can conclude which documents, prepared or certified by a notary, can be considered "public documents" (see Notariate Law, Articles 82 and 108), and which ones can be considered private documents (see Notariate Law, Article 116, part 1).

• The date on which the authentic instrument was drawn up
• The place where the authentic instrument was drawn up
• The signature by the parties of the authentic instrument
• The parties’ declarations
• Any observation made by the authority within the limits of its competence
• The measures the authority declares to have taken
• Appearance, identification and consent of the parties

Before which authority: The Court of First Instance

According to which procedure (state the applicable rules): According to Articles 23 to 32 of the Civil Procedure Law.

Within what timeframe: The application cannot be submitted if the time limit for submission has been reached.

Prescription: 5 and 10 years.

All obligation rights shall terminate if the party entitled to them does not use them within a ten year time period (Article 1895, the Civil law).

The right to bring an inheritance action is prescribed after five years have elapsed from the day when the right to bring the action arose (Article 685, the Civil law).